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The Morgan Crusader’s Bible [Morgan M.638]

France (c. 1250)

The Morgan Library and Museum, New York

In 283 miniatures, many of them monumental in format and displaying considerable artistic power, the Crusader’s Bible tells the story of the Old Testament from the creation of the world to the days of King David. The work was originally intended purely as a picture bible for King Louis of France, St. Louis, an enthusiastic crusader. The content was depicted entirely without words. Latin text was added around 1300, Persian commentaries added in the 17th century, and later Hebrew commentaries.

The top scene on folio 29v depicts David, a handsome young man, appearing before Saul’s throne. In the battle scene below, the killing of two hundred Philistines at David’s hand is depicted as an encounter between medieval knights.

The Black man depicted in this scene is not a “foreigner”; he is a Western European Medieval Knight. His clothing, armor and helmet is identical to the other French knights in this scene; the shirt of hooded mail and conical helmet is typical of French, English, and German knights in the 1200s. This manuscript, the Morgan Crusader’s Bible, is considered to be the most definitive source for Medieval Western European arms and armor design for that time period.

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